Death Of A Salesman - Willy Essays - John Keats,

Death of a Salesman - Willy The differences between eighteenth-century literature and romantic poems, with respect to history is constituted here. This is seen through the influential works of John Keats and Alexander Pope. These works are acknowledged as, "The Rape of Lock" and "The Eve of St. Agnes." Alexander Pope takes his readers on a hatred filled epic. A robust piece of literature and love induced psychoses in, "The Rape of Lock." On the other hand, "The Eve of St. Agnes" told a tale of life, love, death, and eternal fate in heaven. These two brilliant writers have given two magnificent poems. Pope exhibits many characteristics of a narcissistic human being. His independence in life shows through his writings in fiction. Which inevitably portray his deeper feelings of life. Popes' efforts here are of outezding quality. However, his poem did fail to convince Arabella to r?sum? her engagement to Lord Petre. Most of Pope's efforts here were written with time. Now, Keats has romantically serenaded his reader with descriptive lust and desire, which can be compared with popes' efforts by the difference in eighteenth century literature and romantic poems, their descriptive natures and ideas they portray to the reader through their writing. Pope has written an eighteenth-century poem which he calls, "An Hero-Comical Poem." This poem has exalted an over all sense of worthlessness for common rules. The mentioning of Achilles and the ever-popular Aeneas, are symbols of Pope's Gothic style. Pope speaks (almost) G-D like throughout, "The Rape of Lock." Contrary to Keats, who is more down-to-earth with his sense of realism in his writings. In the beginning of Keats romantic premise to life in St. Agnes, all is cold. The opening sequence brings a sense of realism to this bitter cold scene. Cold owls, rabbit's, and numb fingers on a holy, "Beads man." The Beads man symbolizes the sense of age and spirit. Much of this poem is a test of Keats inner soul or spirit. He has lead himself to St. Agnes for his own personal account of life in a time long gone. Keats' romantic style has brought visionary raw emotion to the aching hearts of all his readers. Then, both poems go separate ways in their tales of body and spirit. Taking account of all differences in these two works, has brought out a sense of unknown extasy. Pope displays morality with his own twists on fate and man kind's inability to rationalize right decision making in life. He complicates this with, "Moral superiority" and his visions of old styles blended with his attitude for recognition. Pope has indulged the reader in consistent religious order, and awkward justice for mankind. However, when viewing Keats poem ezza by ezza, much is revealed. Keats' tale starts as a direct eagerness for future considerations. His image of love and old age creates a stifled knot in the stomach of the reader. Enthusiastic resiezce is overcome by Keats smooth flow, and harmonizing beauty in heaven. Angels and death are brought together like osmosis. His ability to start off in a cold bitter atmosphere of regret, and then sway the reader's emotion to a peaceful loving atmosphere is in itself astonishing. Desire brings Keats to the heightened point of emotional gratification within, "The Eve of St. Agnes." St. Agnes is such a peaceful age-old memory for Keats. He presents strength when pain is being inflicted. His early images of purgatory, show Keats in a bind of human emotion and regret for past sins. However, Pope does this as well throughout, "The Rape of Lock." Although, Pope is less likely to find a happy medium in his tale of tolerance. He does manage to relinquish all his desires for the sake of his own inner strength. This strength is portrayed more intensely through his soul. Memories are key to the anguish of the poem. In all of Keats mediocre issues come love and honor. The entire tenth ezza is caused by the emotions involved with love. However, this must leave some readers at a loss. Keats doesn't seem to really care whether anybody underezds him. Keats only concern is to repent and achieve harmony in life with his body and soul.

7 Highest Paying Bachelor Degrees

7 Highest Paying Bachelor Degrees Everybody wants to go straight from school into a high-paying career. The trouble is, how can we maximize our chances? The best bet would be to choose a degree that syncs up nicely with the highest-paying careers out there. That way you’ll be set up with the most relevant skills right out of the gate. Here are 7 highest paying bachelor degrees that can steer you into a good job.1. Health Care AdministrationThe health care industry is always at the top of the heap: there’s lots of growth and lots of jobs, many high-paying. Training resources are widely available, and the demand for this kind of work just keeps increasing.You’ll have a relatively easy time finding employment once you’re finished with school. If you’re not ready to commit yet, try a couple of classes in anatomy, statistics, accounting, or physiology and see what you think.2. Computer ScienceNo matter what field you want to end up in, a degree in computer science can really set you up t o stand out at the forefront of the technological vanguard. Whether it’s web building or design, software engineering, A.I., you’ll already have a major foundation laid towards building your career.Most jobs requiring a comp sci degree also pay very well. Try a class or two in computer engineering, computer math, or digital system design if you’re not sure.3. Civil EngineeringYou like to build things, design things, dream big. Fix problems that befuddle everybody else! Make the world a better, more ergonomic place? The country is in sore need of an infrastructure reboot, so jobs requiring a civil engineering degree are going to spike. Good to get in early doors! Try a couple of courses in dynamics, engineering economics, or fluid mechanism for a start. There are lots of others, depending on your school’s catalogue.4. NursingLike Health Care Administration, no matter what you do with a degree in nursing, you’re almost guaranteed a well-paying job. N urses are the backbone of the whole industry. They’re the ones doing 90% of the patient care.If you like all things medicine and really enjoy helping people, try a few courses in chemistry, physiology, anatomy, psychology, or mental health and see if you’d like to pursue more.5. AccountingEverybody needs an accountant–from individuals to small businesses to huge corporations. If you’re good at math and financial systems, this might be a great opportunity for you. The further up the ladder you go as an accountant, the higher the pay. There are lots of accounting courses, and courses on tax and business law that can help you decide if you feel the call.6. PsychologyEven as our reliance on technology increases, there is still a high demand for understanding human behavior. You don’t necessarily have to be a shrink if you get a degree in psychology; you could work for large corporations, in HR, or in industrial relations†¦ the sky’s the lim it. The more emphasis is placed on marketing trends and analysis, the more the demand for those with psychological training will increase.Try out some neuroscience, with some statistical methods, and some perception vs. sensation classes to see how it feels to you.7. Business AdministrationIf you have a bit of the entrepreneurial spirit, this might be a great degree for you. Certainly it will stand you in good stead if you’d like to create and build your own business one day. This degree will give you the planning experience and knowledge to back up all your dreaming and big ideas. Start with classes in financial or operations management, systems and accounting, and other business and marketing topics to prepare yourself.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 71

Assignment Example The defendant and the plaintiff agree under the supervision of the court to implement the decree. An example of a consent decree is in divorce situations where the couple decides to settle under the supervision of a court. Disparate impact is the discrimination against a class that occurs due to the employer’s neutral employment practice, when the employer has a disproportion along the protected line. Disparate treatment is discrimination against an individual in a protected group that occurs due to unequal treatment from the employer, compared to the others. Using the four-fifths rule, the rate of selection of each group is calculated by dividing the number of the selected persons in a group by the number of total applicants in that group, and the group with the highest selection is observed. The impact ratios are then calculated by comparing this selection rate with the highest group. Any group with a substantially less selection rate than that of the highest group is observed. The employer defences against discrimination charges include job relatedness, business necessity, BFOQ, and BFSS. In job relatedness the employer argues that the employee does not work effectively. In the business necessity, the employer argues that the protected employee must have a given business necessity. The BFOQ will be based on their qualifications while the BFSS will be based on the selection criteria or a ratio. A hostile working environment is an offensive working environment that is characterized by unlawful physical or verbal harassment that shows hostility towards an individual basing on color, religion, race, gender, national origin, age, disability, his or her relatives, friends, and associates. Organizations can have policies that describe the constituents of a hostile working environment, and what is an inappropriate behaviour. It can also inform and educate employees on the organizational policies. They should investigate all

How did American Missionaries Fare in China Essay

How did American Missionaries Fare in China - Essay Example AMERICAN MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES IN CHINA: The missionary activities in china had started from the beginning of the nineteenth century. The British missionaries were the first to enter the land in 1807. It was not until 1860s when the first American mission set foot in china. The basic reason of any missionary was to inculcate the idea of Christianity in the minds of the people. The missionaries who went to china were generally Protestants. Thus, the ideology of the protestant Christians began spreading in china in the early nineteenth century by the British missions, and in the late nineteenth century by the American missions. The missions of preaching Christianity were a sub category of the greater mission of America. The greater mission was to become the East Asian power and the missionary activities acted as a gateway for further Americans to show their presence in East Asia. For example, by the end of the nineteenth century, America had a direct control in countries like Philippin es and an indirect control in many other East Asian countries. The missions could also be classified under the heading of American Imperialism. This term states that America at getting an influence of its culture and economy in other countries. The missionary activities could have been a gateway for this greater aim. ... Although these people had already interacted with the American missionaries and their families in china, but they experienced a cultural shock when they experienced the lives of the Americans at first hand. Moreover, Chinese workers also had to face the problem of racism which made them realize the difference in both the communities. OPEN DOOR POLICY When America was emerging as an economic power in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, it was able to negotiate terms with the rest of the powers. Open door policy stated that all the countries could trade with china given that these countries do not harm the culture and the traditions of china as an influence of the trade. The success of this policy shows the influence and power that America had in the region, thus clearly indicating to the success of the missionary voyages. U.S. AND CHINA ALLIANCE IN THE WWII The effects of the American involvement in china were that during the Second World War, china allied itself with the western forces. This gave the allies a great advantage in terms of strategic location. Japan, who was the part of the axis states, now could be threatened from its very neighbor. The reasons for chines alignment with the allies are many in number, but one fundamental reason was the continuous involvement of America in china. Chinese could turn to America for help when japan showed aggression in 1937. STILWELL AND AMERICAN MILITARY IMPERIALISM: Perhaps the most impactful policy of American Imperialism in China was through American intervention in Chinese army for getting a military edge in the Asian region more specifically the CBI (Chinese Burma Indian Theater). For this they chose no other man than their trump card Joseph

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Sociology - Essay Example Karl Marx was an infamous theorist whose â€Å"Alienation† theory describes society as a whole striving to perfect the world and at its peak of success with abundant resources; it fails to do so because it is flawed through individual isolation (Kivisto 3). Humans cannot conquer nature or practice self-control when it comes to the exploitation of resources. Even the heavy operation of an object alienates a man. Marx explains: For it is clear on this presupposition that the more the worker expends himself in work the more powerful becomes the world of objects which he creates in face of himself, the poorer he becomes in his inner life, and the less he belongs to himself. (Wendling 13) Although, mankind has the ability to feed every one and counter hunger, people continue to starve. Marx says this is due to the fact that when a man alienates himself from other men, he in-turn alienates himself from human life (Wendling 17). Marx believes that a man does not belong to himself when he is performing an act that constitutes as cultural practice because it is society that is placing its social imprint on him. For example, â€Å"The worker puts his life into the object, and his life then belongs no longer to himself, but to the object† (Wendling 13). A man, therefore, belongs to the object. This is society affecting the self. Durkheim’s theory of â€Å"Social Fact† does not stray far from Marx’s idea. That is because he divides social facts into two categories: material and nonmaterial. The material aspect corresponds with Marx’s description of an object and how it influences an individual’s social behavior. Where Marx says this is what alienates a man, Durkheim describes it as the drive behind what society cherishes or assigns purpose to communally (Kivisto 16). If the social facts are revealed, it can help scientists and sociologists examine the causes and effects of behaviors and laws among mankind. For instance, Durkheim studied suicide rates

Effects Of Cyber Bullying Criminology Essay

Effects Of Cyber Bullying Criminology Essay Cyber bullying is known to have some similar effects on victims as traditional bullying. Long term exposure to cyber bullying could lead to a decrease of a persons self-concept, an increased depression/anxiety level and more absence from school (Hines, 2011). Over the years the cyber bullying has received a lot of attention from the media and administration in school settings. Although existing research suggests that new form of bullying have similar negative effects as traditional bullying, additional research is needed to determine the extent of the effects it has on the victims (Hass, 2001). According to Kiriakidis and Kavoura (2010), 42.5% of victims surveyed said they were frustrated after being cyber bullied, 27% said they felt sad, 40% said they felt angry, 26.5% said they were affected at home and 22.1% of victims said it affected them at school (Hass, 2001). Cyber bullying also make some victims feel hopeless and scared to go to school. A number of victims who get cyber bull ied do nothing about it. It pushed some to stay offline more often and other reported it to their parents and siblings. The emotional damage of cyber bullying can be very severe and in some cases it makes victims to isolate themselves due to fear of being bullied again. Over 16,000 students miss school on a daily basis due to fear of bullies, and this diminishes their ability to learn at school (Mason, 2008). There have been cases where victims of cyber bullying have been besieged by chronic illness, suicidal thoughts, eating diasorders and some even ran away from home (Mason, 2008). The negative effects suffered from constant exposure to cyberbullying during school years may result in long term/chronic effects after the school years. Young adults who were former victims of cyber bullying tend to have poorer self esteem and show signs of depression when compared to peers who werent victimized (Mason, 2008). Research suggested that persistent cyber bullying at an early age leaves a n umber of scars that could be carried into adulthood. Hence, it is necessary to control/legislate cyber bullying at schools to help prevent the long and short term negative effects it could have on victims. The actual bullies may also suffer from some chronic negative effects that are related to cyber bullying. For instance, a number of adults who betrothed in anti-social activities later on in life were found to be bullies at school while younger (Mason, 2008). Accoding to Mason (2008), a survey revealed that sixty percent of boys who were bullies between grade six to grade nine have been convicted of one or more crimes by the age of twenty four, compared to twenty three percent of those who werent bullies between grade six to grade nine. Given the facts stated above, it is evident that both victims and buliies are at risk of developmental problems that could carry on into early adulthood and beyond (Mason, 2008). Some existing research on the effects of cyberbullying rely on correlational research which lack standardized measures of measuring the distress that stems from cyber bullying. Therefore, it is important for a more standardized measure to be implemented in future research (Hines, 2011). Age and Gender Differences According to Mason (2008), Girls (58%) are more likely to be the targets of online harassment than boys (42%). Also girls were found to more likely experience distressing harassment than boys (68% compares to 32%). However, 50% of the bullies or harassers were males while only 35% were females. This finding is in contrast with a another study by Kowalski et al. (2005) that found that girls are twice as likely as boys to be victims and culprits of cyber bullying (Mason, 2008). Two different studies by Olweus (1993) found that females are more likely to experience social bullying than males who are more susceptible to physical and direct forms of bullying (Hines, 2011). Health and Human Development sustained a survey that contained a sample of 15,686 students. The results indicated that girls reported to be victims of verbal bullying such as sexual comments and rumours more often than boys (Hines, 2011). Patronizing an individuals speech or looks was common among both sexes, along with negative comments about their race or religion (Hines, 2011). Cyber bullying is perceived to be more harmful to girls than it is to boys because adolescent girls perceive their social status to be of higher importance to their self-concept than adolescent boys do. Studies also reveal that the amount of girls that report bullying is higher than the amount of boys (Hines, 2011). Existing laws/bills Regulating Cyber bullying In criminal Law, Cyber bullying can be addressed under Defamatory Libel or Harassment. Defamatory Libel is considered a crime under the criminal code (section 300 of criminal code) and is punishable for up to five years in prison (Canadian Bar Association, (CBA), 2012). It occurs when a matter is published without lawful justification and it is likely to injure the reputation of another person, exposing them to hate and ridicule. Harassment is considered a crime under the criminal code and can be punished for up to 10 years in prison (CBA, 2012). Harassment occurs when something a person says or does create fear for his or her safety and/or the safety of others. There are cases where the suspect might not have intentions of harassing others but if someone else feels threatened by their actions they could be charged. Back in 2009, The Canadian Liberal government introduced bill C-273 which made it to the second hearing but was not passed into a law. This will be further discussed late r on in the paper. In regards to cyber bullying, there are only two Canadian provinces have developed statues that addresses school bullying. Which are: The Ontario Education Act and the Manitoba Public school Act Part III (Stanton Beran, 2009). Other provinces in Canada address issues related to bullying under their Workplace Acts. Even though it is not specifically designed for schools, these workplace acts do have legislations that govern or pertains to school bullying (Stanton Beran, 2009). Education Act (Ontario) The Ontario Education Act speaks to misbehaviours that may presumably include bullying under section 306 (1), 306 (2) and 306 (3) (Stanton Beran, 2009). Section 306 (1) instructs on mandatory suspension of individuals who commits one of six infractions while at school or while participating in school related activities. These infractions include expressing a threat to inflict serious bodily harm on other individuals, engaging in an act of vandalism that damages school properties, swearing at people in position of authority or a teacher, or partaking in another activity, under policy of the board, is one that calls for a mandatory suspension. Section 306 (2) describes the duration of mandatory suspensions, which could range from one to twenty days. Section 306 (3) outlines that teachers may suspend such individual or refer the issue to the principal (Stanton Beran, 2009). Other section of the Ontario Education Act also touches on appropriate code of conduct while on school premises. Section 301 (2) discusses six main goals of the Code of Conduct. One goal is to ensure that all school members, especially those in authority positions, are treated with respect and dignity. The second goal is to promote responsible citizenship by encouraging appropriate participation in the civic life of school community. The third goal is to maintain an environment where conflict and differences will be addressed in a manner that is characterized by civility and respect. The fourth goal is to encourage the use non-violent means to resolve conflicts. The fifth goal is to promote the safety of the school members. Lastly, the sixth goal discourages the use of illegal drugs and alcohol (Education Act, section 301(2)) (Stanton Beran, 2009). Public School Act Part III (Manitoba) The Manitoba Public School Act Part III has three different sections that are specific or relate to anti bullying policies. The first section is section 47.1 (1), codes of conduct and Emergency response plans. This section instructs school principals in alliance with school advisory committees to establish a code of conduct for pupils/staffs and an emergency response plan which is reviewed annually at bare minimum. Section 47.1 (2) further stated that the Code of Conduct should include five components. Frist, it must include a statement that pupils and the staffs will behave in a respectable manner and comply with the code (Stanton Beran, 2009). Secondly, it must include a statement indicating that bullying, or abusing any person orally, physically, psychologically, sexually, in writing or by other means is unacceptable. Additionally, unreasonable discrimination on the basis of any characteristic set out in Subsection 9(2) of the Human rights code, as well as possessing, using or be ing under influence of Alcohol or illegal drugs at school is unacceptable (Stanton Beran, 2009). The third component of the Code of Conduct requires that a statement regarding the intolerance of weapon possession and gang involvement should be included. The fourth component is a statement indicating pupils and staffs will abide by school policies and also adhere to appropriate use of electronic materials and the internet, including prohibition of accessing, uploading and/or distributing materials that the school has determined to be unacceptable. The fifth and last component of the code of conduct is a statement outlining the disciplinary consequences, with as much details as reasonably possible, of violating the code and it must also outline the process of appealing the disciplinary decisions. Furthermore, the code of conduct must meet all other regulatory requirements that are prescribed under The Education Administration Act (Stanton Beran, 2009). Section 47.1(3), content of em ergency of response plans, outlines the responsibility of schools to respond to threats that might be posed to them. The three sections list above indirectly touched upon the inappropriateness of bullying at schools by requiring a code of conducts, stating its content and finally, managing emergencies (Stanton Beran, 2009). The Ontario Ministry of Education recently proposed changes to the Education act in attempted to stop cyber bullies from posting online attacks against fellow students and teachers (Stanton Beran, 2009). The minister of education, Kathleen Wayne, explained in a press conference at Queens Park that cyber bullying has been added to the list of offences in the Education Act (Stanton Beran, 2009). The amendments as proposed will implement reconciliatory programs to help re-integrate students back into the classrooms, and that there will be strong consequences for inappropriate behaviours. With the new amendment to the act, the zero tolerance provisions of the act will be eliminated. The elimination resulted from a complaint by the Ontario Human Rights Commission on behalf of students, claiming that the zero tolerance policy was having disproportionate impacts on students with disability and minority students. Even though the government has proposed such changes to the Education Act, Se ction 306(1) discussed above is still in place and applicable on the court of law. Hence, students can still receive mandatory suspension if they choose to violate the Code of Conduct as stated in the Act. During the press conference, the Minister of Education made it known that the government of Ontario allocates approximately over 20 million dollars a year to provide programs for expelled and suspended students. The funds were provided by the government to help develop training programs for both vice principals and principals to effectively discipline students in a non-punitive manner, with the intention of decreasing the amount of expulsion and suspensions. These amendments seem to recognize that punishments such as, expulsion and suspension do not deal with the source of cyber bullying. Therefore, more resources may be allocated in an attempt to resolve/control cyber bullying (Stanton Beran, 2009). In other provinces like Quebec and Saskatchewan, The Occupational Health and Safety Act speak to work place bullying but it can be extended to school jurisdictions. In Quebec, the Act classified bullying as psychological harassment. This can be defined as aggravating behaviour in the form of verbal comments, hostile or unwanted, actions or gestures that affect an employees psychological or physical integrity and that could result in harmful work environment for employees (Stanton Beran, 2009). This act can be to bullying incidents at school because schools are also considered as occupational environments. In Saskatchewan, the Occupational Health and safety act was amended 2006 /2007, to include section 2(1b) which speaks to harassment. The amendment re-defined harass as any inappropriate conduct, action, comment, display or gesture by a person that either (I) race, colour, sex, creed, marital status, disability, family status, physical size or weight, nationality, ancestry, age, and place of origin, or (II) adversely affects workers psychological and/or physical well-being that the person knows or ought to know would cause intimidation or humiliation of the worker, or (III) Constitute a threat to the safety and health of other workers (Bill 66, 2007) (Stanton Beran, 2009). Based on these amendments, it can be inferred that bullies who affect the psychological or physical well-being of other students or teachers by humiliating or intimidate them can be punished under the law or found guilty of a criminal offense (Stanton Beran, 2009). Thus the Occupational Health and Safety Act in Quebec and Saskatchewan can be applicable to individuals who engage in bullying at school. Other provinces in Canada such as Alberta have specified safety and respect measures outlined in their school Act. Bylaws governing bullying According to Stanton and Beran (2009), Edmonton and Regina are the only two big cities in Canada with Bylaws that fines individuals for engaging in bullying. The town council of Rocky Mountain House recently passed an anti-bullying bylaw that targets youths, bystanders and adults (Stanton Beran, 2009). Edmonton (Alberta) was the first big city in Canada to give authority to police officers to fine bullies a minimum of $250. Bylaw fines varies depending on the municipality and jurisdiction. The fines can range from 125 dollars in North Battleford to 1000 dollars for second offence in Rocky Mountain House (Stanton Beran, 2009). According to the bylaws, bullying is perceived as behavious that threaten and intimidate others. The bylaws were implemented to prevent individuals from engaging in bullying and other harmful behaviours (like assault, harrassment and gand violence). Those who support the bylaws argue that the ability to fine those who intimidate, threathen or humiliate others will deter them and possibly make them abstain from the behaviour. In Regina, the Anti-Bullying and Public fighting bylaw is quite different from the bylaws in Edomonton. It outlines that bullying someone else in a public place or written through electronic devices is illegal. Moreover, recording videos or taking pictures of people fighting and posting online for the public to see is illegal. Bylaw fines in Regina is higher than in Edmonton; it ranges from $100 to $2000. The fines/tickets are issued to parents if the perpetrator is between the ages of 12 and 16. The Anti-Bullying and Public Fighting Bylaw is applicable to bullying incidents in both the community and online (cyber bullying), and as well as to physical fights (Stanton Beran, 2009). This bylaw was implemented to help reduce bullying and the tolerance level for such behaviours. Bylaws give recognition to to psychological and emotional suffering of victims. The thought of having to pay a fine might also serves as a dete rrent for some bullies (Stanton Beran, 2009). Interventions of Cyber bullying In recent years researchers and policy makers have come up with a number of interventions and prevention methods for cyber bullying but some of these proposed interventions are not fully effective or have failed to deter the behaviour (cyber bullying). As such, bullying prevention programs that are incorporated into school curriculums specifically address cyber bullying instead of only traditional bullying. Moreover, Parents and educators should intervene in bullying incidents, because a failure to do so may negatively affect students ability to be successful and happy at school and at home (Hines, 2011). People in position of authority should work in a program/solution that provides the ability to block and monitor slanderous and malicious instant messages and filter online networking comments before they are posted. It should intelligently find threats, categorize them and take the appropriate action as pre-defined by the school or district policy. The program/solution should ensur e that web protection is extended beyond anti-malware, URL filtering, and anti-spam, with integrated ability to scan all outbound and inbound contents and attachments by using granular content controls, such as objectionable content filtering (Hines, 2011). By filtering out or blocking harmful messages or comments, schools can reduce cyber bullying. It is important that the technology being used allows for clear definition and enforcement of acceptable content policies. Slanderous and harmful contents should be rerouted or quarantined. The best solution should be a unified one that enables access control to some websites, provide notification of policy violations, provide consolidated reporting for holistic visibility of cyber bullying actions, monitor webmail traffic, block offensive contents from being uploaded to websites, monitor email usage, and help identify the breaches through which students may try to bypass the system (Hines, 2011). It is evident that incorporation of cybe r bullying laws is failing to keep up with the pace at which incidence of cyber bullying is rising. One may ask, if there are any precautionary methods that could be implemented to protect children before becoming victims of cyber bullying.

The History of Computers :: Technology Essays

The History of Computers In 1964, no one, with the exception of those with-in the field of study, had ever heard of a computer. Now, only forty years later, almost every home in America is equipped with at least one computer. A computer is defined as a device that accepts information, in the form of digital data, and manipulates it for some result based on a program on how data is to be processed. The first computer was not as fast or efficient as the computers used today, however they are all based on the first model. â€Å"Since the invention of numbers, humanity has tried to make instruments to help in performing calculations† (Moreau 4). Before 3000 B.C. there were tablets used for calculating. The Ancient Chinese used a bead frame for counting. Although rather innovative, neither of these calculating devices was automatic. In the early 19th century, a British astronomer and mathematician had an idea that would change the history of computing forever. His name was Charles Babbage and he described a machine that would have the ability to do a variety of calculations. Because the mechanical-engineering technology of that time period was not reliable or fast enough, he was unable to produce his dream. Babbage’s idea was based on the mathematical insights of George Boole, who first stated the principles of logic used in today’s digital computers (Computer 1). Also, Ada Lovelace, Babbage’s assistant, is known as the first programmer because she introduc ed program loops and subroutines. The development of electronics led to the first computers. Once electromechanical technology entered the world, calculators began being produced. The first electronic calculator was built by IBM. This is known as the IBM 603, which was created by Byron E. Phelps. Building upon this model, steps were taken towards the first computer. â€Å"The IBM Selective Sequence-Controlled Electronic Calculator (SSEC) was created between the years 1945 and 1948 by a group led by Frank Hamilton, one of the engineers who worked on the building of the Harvard-IBM machine† (Moreau 39). Disregarding calculators, the first real useable computer began with the vacuum tube.

Dove Strtegies

Critiques of the Strategies and Recommendation Dove has many strategic issues which are classified as convenience goods because consumers bought this product frequently and immediately. We can set the price a bit lower down and affordable for their product. Besides, they can change another supplier to lower down cost however can keep the good quality of product otherwise lower down the cost of advertising that can affect the product price of Dove. Dove can boost up their sales by using the line extension strategy and brand extension strategy.They should develop new flavors, forms, colors, ingredients, or package sizes of Dove to attract more category of consumer. It can also keep the firm's  managers  on their toes by generating internal  competition. Dove used the psychological pricing strategy which is used to influence the consumer purchasing power. Customers respond better to certain type of prices and they are more likely to buy with certain price levels because consumer b elief that the higher price is represent the good quality of product.Dove also can give promotion like giving discount, such as buy 2 free 1 to attract the consumer that make them feel our product worth more to purchase. The next strategic issue is Dove Company using retailing as their marketing intermediary. By using retailing concept, the entire new or loyal Dove company customer can get the Dove company product more easily in the market. Most of the producers including Dove sell the products and services directly to final consumers via a sales staff to retail outlets.The sales staff will promote the new products or give the sample to the retailers to make the retailers know more about their products. The suggested strategy for Dove is to strengthen its differentiation advantages by innovating its differentiation strategy. With this strategy, existing organizational resources and necessary means can be influenced to develop clear differentiation strategy. Other than that, Doveâ₠¬â„¢s think about provide low cost high profits and keep customer to compete with other competitors to be a key differentiation.Furthermore, Dove’s refresh its marketing hard work to aim the whole markets. Dove Company can introduce a range of shampoo that targets male users as Dove currently caters only for female customers. On the other hand, Dove could possibly create new breakthrough in the hair care line. Perhaps a shampoo that could reduce the greying of hair. Like all other hair care company, Dove could also branch out from their current product line such as providing hair styling mousses, wax, hair dying colours and even body care products like feminine wash.

Green Hotels In Other Countries And In Mauritius Tourism Essay Example

Green Hotels In Other Countries And In Mauritius Tourism Essay Example Green Hotels In Other Countries And In Mauritius Tourism Essay Green Hotels In Other Countries And In Mauritius Tourism Essay In literature, there has been a inclination to utilize the footings green and sustainable interchangeably. However, there are really distinguishable differences between the two. Green is defined as a merchandise or service that is both environmentally and socially responsible. That is, they are accountable to, and respectful of, the topographic points and people that provide and utilize them ( Mc Laren, 2006 ) . Sustainable is defined as the ability to run into the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ( Brundtland, 1987 ) . Green Tourism is defined by the Green Association as travel and geographic expedition within and around an country that offers visitants enjoyment and grasp of the country s natural assets and cultural resources, while animating physically active, intellectually exciting and socially synergistic experiences ( Blackstone Corporation, 1996 ) . The United Nations ( UN ) designated the twelvemonth 2000 as the international twelvemonth of Ecotourism. Eco tourists or green tourers attempt to go in a mode non harmful to the environment viz. going responsibly while conserving the environment and minimising the societal, cultural and ecological impacts. A green tourer will therefore enable other people to see the same topographic point later and still bask the same experience. Green Tourism is enlightening because travelers discover more about their finish while local people learn what services they have to offer. It besides supports the unity of the topographic point as painstaking travelers seek out for singularity of vicinities in footings of architecture, culinary art, heritage or environment. The end of Green Tourism should be quality and non measure since permanency and profusion of experience is what both parties are endeavoring for. Green hotels in other states and in Mauritius : Besides bring forthing one million millions of money, the touristry industry besides offers people the chance to go around the universe and increase their cognition on other civilizations and linguistic communications. Unfortunately, after several old ages it was found that the touristry industry had negative impacts on the environment. Surveies were carried out and research workers found out that due to increase in tourers reaching in states such as India, the governments stressed out on constructing more hotels to suit them. The incommodiousness caused by this sudden growing is easy consuming the natural resources of certain states since hotels consume energy and H2O for basic demands and for leisure and recreational activities ( Alexander, 2002 ) . She besides mentioned in her research that in Goa, India, the dwellers did non hold H2O installations as hotels were supplied in penchant to the community which could non even trust on rivers and Wellss as there were frequently drouths. The touristry industry can be considered as one of the taking growing sectors in Mauritius and therefore was the ground for farther development. Several hotels were built in coastal countries to suit tourers while the Ministry of Tourism and Leisure has besides renovated our historical gardens and other sing sites. It is besides good known that tourers are attracted by the 3S of our state, that is, the sea, Sun and sand. Although being a little island, Mauritius is confronting serious jobs refering pollution and over usage of resources as in Goa. The governments concerned must therefore initiate necessary actions to continue its natural resources and besides protect the surrounding environment. Soon, hotels, travelers and other touristry stakeholders are going progressively cognizant of steps that should be taken to continue the nature every bit good as to guarantee client satisfaction. That is why, nowadays we can see that hotels are going greener and more green hotels are being constructed. The green construct in the hotel industry Harmonizing to Bohdanowicz, ( 2005 ) , the hotel industry is one of the most energy and H2O intensive sectors in the touristry industry as their chief intent is to supply comfy services and supplies to clients. Heating, chilling, illuming, airing, cleansing and laundering are some of the services which are usually provided. In other words, a hotel must fundamentally supply all these services to fulfill their clients. Surveies showed that these hotels cause tremendous injury to the environment by devouring significant sums of H2O and energy, and besides emit C dioxide every bit good as other air, H2O and dirt pollutants. In add-on to extended usage of H2O and energy resources, hotels generate big sum of waste. The green construct can really minimise the overexploitation of resources and happen alternate solutions by taking these three major issues into serious consideration. Hotel operators have stimulated the construct viridity in their operations so as to turn public concern over environmental harm and clients desire for environmentally-oriented merchandises ( Han et al. , 2009 ; Manaktola A ; Jauhari, 2007 ; Wolfe A ; Shanklin, 2001 ) . Researchers and practicians agree that the rejuvenation of a hotel helps to fulfill eco-friendly clients green demands, avoid unfavorable judgment of bing touristry patterns and fulfils the demand of the authorities policies and ordinances. Furthermore, it besides decreases cost through decrease of waste, H2O and energy and besides encourages recycling. Harmonizing to Wolfe and Shanklin ( 2001 ) , the term green which can instead be called eco-friendly or environmentally-oriented ( Han et al. , 2009 ; Pizam, 2009 ) . This refers to actions that diminish harmful impacts on the environment. Hence, green hotels can be described as environmentally responsible hotels that actively follow environmentally-friendly guid elines, pattern environmental direction, implement diverse eco-friendly patterns, institute sound green plans and commit themselves to accomplish environmental betterment by exposing eco-labels or a green Earth logo ( Department of Environmental Protection, 2001 ; Green Hotel Association, 2008 ; Han et al. , 2009 ; International Hotels Environmental Initiative, 1993 ) . Policies about Green Hotels For a hotel to be green, it must obtain a green enfranchisement. In Canada for case, there exists several green hotels and some have even been awarded for their great attempt in the preservation of the environment. Policies are already set for hotels to be recognized as green hotels . In top Canadian hotels, the policies are as follows: Any type of adjustment installations, including hotels, motels, resorts and bed and breakfast are allowed to fall in in. Furthermore, there is no cost or one-year fee to fall in the green certified plan. The Green Hotel Rating System Leaf Rating is as follows: A 5 leafs awards you a 1 foliage evaluation, 8 awards 2 foliage, 10 awards 3 foliage, 12 awards 4 foliage and the ultimate evaluation is all 14 which awards 5 leafs.A The hotels have to cover four good countries such as: energy preservation, resource preservation, environmental direction and pollution bar. Enforcement Agencies A proper control system is considered as critical to guarantee attachment to bing guidelines, Torahs and processs sing preservation of natural resources. This is done by enforcement bureaus such as: The Government The Ministry of Tourism and Leisure launched the Maurice Ile Durable construct in 2008 as mentioned earlier in chapter one. Even though negative impacts of hotel industries on the environment can non be wholly eliminated, this construct greatly helps in the development of new thoughts to minimise them. The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development besides support the thought by supplying better direction strategies of environmental assets through statute laws such as the Environment Protection Act of 2002 and other Environmental Guidelines. Private Administrations Nowadays, several administrations are following and advancing the green construct through their Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) Team. The Mauritius Commercial Bank ( MCB ) which place itself as a sustainable administration launched the Initiative 175 in March 2009 which encourages actions in favor of energy economy, renewable energy production and environmental-friendly activities. Non-Governmental Organisations ( NGO s ) such as Environmental Protection A ; Conservation Organisation ( EPCO ) , Biodiversity Action Group, Mauritanian Wildlife Foundation, Mauritius Marine Conservation Society ( MMCS ) . Environmental Sustainability for Tourism For many decennaries, finishs and touristry research workers have investigated ways in which the environmental sustainability of touristry can be improved. Two chief solutions have emerged, which are referred to as ecotourism and sustainable touristry. In the field of sustainable touristry, a big figure of supply-side steps ( Dolnicar, 2006 ) have been researched and developed in the yesteryear that can assist destination direction to cut down the negative environmental side effects of the touristry industry. Typical waies of research reflect this orientation and can approximately be grouped in three watercourses, viz. : the quantification of negative impacts of touristry on the environment ( Drimbl, 1997 ; Gossling, 1999 ; Vail and Hultkrantz, 2000 ; Chan and Lam, 2002 ) , the probe of grounds for environment protective or non-environment protective attitudes or behaviors within the touristry industry of host states ( Barron and Prideaux, 1998 ; Wunder, 2000 ; Carslen, Getz and Ali-Knight, 2001 ; Weiler and Ham, 2002 ) , and the survey of the environmental policy and direction as tools to protect the natural environment in host states ( Hunt and Auster, 1990 ; Page and Thorn, 2002 ; Font and Harris, 2004 ; Jennings, 2004 ) . Sustainable touristry steps emerging from these watercourses of research all have in common that the intercessions by finish direction are implemented at the finish itself and can hence be referred to as supplys include curtailing the capacity for attractive forces, educating tourers after their reachings at the finish about issues of sustainability and ask foring tourers to recycle their towels in hotels during their stay. Such supply-side steps take the nature of the tourers sing the finish as a given. Demand-driven attacks have implicitly or explicitly been proposed by legion writers. Inskeep ( 1991 ) recommended selective selling as a manner to increase environmental sustainability at the finish. Ataljevic and Doorne ( 2000 ) postulate the outgrowth of a new section of tourers who are environmentally friendly. New Zealand touristry concern proprietors who have themselves experienced environmentally friendly touristry are actively developing merchandises for such a section. Ecotourism and sustainable touristry has truly attract tourers to see a new type of attractive force and mentioning to the statements mentioned in the paragraph above, it can be said that presents there are few tourers concerned with the ecotourism. In other words, they choose a peculiar finish to detect the ecotourism portion. Ile Aux Aigrettes for case, the Wildlife is offering a different and alone type of touristry. Eating is non allowed in the woods and the tourers can non even wear their personal places so that rare and nonextant seeds do non lodge in their places. Green Consumption Behaviour Excessively much ingestion is a primary cause of the debasement of environmental quality ( Tanner and Kast, 2003 ; Yu and Lai, 2005 ) . Peoples must adhere to sensible degree of resources usage and at the same clip keep the overall ecological balance, so that people every bit good as other signifiers of life can accomplish sustainable endurance ( Chen, Kuo and Hsiao, 2004 ) . In 1992, the UN Conference on the Environment and Development emphasized the duties to restrict struggles between human activity, technological development and the environment and besides addressed the demands of developing states and future coevalss ( United Nations, 1992 ) . As a consequence, assorted developed states have initiated green ingestion motions concentrating on how to diminish environmental jobs related to inordinate production and inordinate ingestion ( Yu and Lai, 2005 ) . A huge trade of past literature explored green ingestion behavior. Some research detailed the constructs and rules of green ingestion ( Peattie, 1992 ; Elkington and Hailes, 1993, Yu and Lai, 2000 ) which focus on how people should devour more responsibly and with more sustainability, every bit good as obey the 3R ( cut down, reuse and recycle ) and the 3E ( economic system, ecology and equality ) rules. Other research workers explored the assorted types of green consumers ( Frankel, 1992 ; Coddington, 1993 ; Peattie, 1993 ; Cheng, 2004 ) in hopes of understanding the consumer market and farther function as a mention for the scene of relevant governmental and corporate policies. Others investigated the factors involved in act uponing green ingestion behavior ( Liu et al. , 2000 ; Tu, 2006 ) such as: demographic statistical variables ( The Roper Organisation, 1990 ; Bohlen, Diamantopoulos and Schlemilch, 1993, Liu et al. , 2000 ) household life circles ( Coddington, 1993 ; Peattie, 1993 ) , personality traits ( McCarty and Lowrey, 1995 ) and personal attitudes and lifestyle value perspectives associating to green ingestion behavior ( Chen et al. , 2004 ) , among others. Finally, Balderjahn ( 1988 ) advanced a causal theoretical account on green consumers and suggested that each behavioral form has its ain bunch of forecasters. Tourists purchasing behavior towards environmentally friendly cordial reception merchandises Merchandises are defined as environmentally friendly if in some manner they aim at cut downing a merchandise s negative environmental impacts. It is good documented that for environmentally friendly merchandises to be considered in the consumer s pick and buying repertory, they need to execute satisfactorily to conventional merchandises and achieve client credence on cardinal properties such as functional public presentation, quality, convenience and monetary value ( Ottman, 1995 ; Simitiras et al. , 1994 ; Wong et al. , 1996 ; Roy, 1999 ) . Since the early 1990 s, more than 75 % of the population in Europe used environmental standards on a regular basis in their buying determinations ( Peattie, 1992 ) . With such increasing consumer concern for ERP, green selling has focused on the relationship with consumers. Many research workers and sellers have identified the features of Green consumers for efficient placement every bit good as for future market chances ( Peattie and Crane, 2005 ) . In order to make green markets and fulfill the demand, it is necessary to analyse existent consumers demands or wants. Consumers may be willing to buy environmentally friendly merchandises but are faced with restraints or struggles that create a opposition to following pro-environmental behavior. For illustration, consumers may desire to be responsible but still they want to keep their bing life style ( Schwartz, 1990 ; Mc Daniel and Rylander, 1993 ) . They may non be prepared to give convenience ( Simon, 1992 ; Stern, 1999 ) , accept l ower public presentation degrees, or pay a monetary value premium ( Peattie, 1999 ) . Based on Ajzen s ( 1991 ) theory of planned behavior, consumers environmental buying purposes and behaviors may be influenced by a figure of factors, such as single s cognition and motive, the ability to execute the behavior and the chance to act in an environmentally friendly manner. Hotels and its environment Over the last decennary, there has been a turning consciousness within the world-wide hotel industry on the importance for environmental protection issues. It has been observed that hotel corporations are bettering their image by prosecuting in environmental enterprises. Hotels have managed to evade environmental duties due to the traditional perceptual experience that touristry in general is a smokeless industry , which offers a softer agencies of economic development to a state. Ironically, touristry is an industry that depends enormously on the well being of the physical environment. Tourists travel 1000000s of stat mis off to see environments that are alien, beautiful and clean and of class uncontaminated. Therefore, touristry has a interest in protecting the natural and cultural resources that are the nucleus of every touristry concern. The end product of hotel operation may take to pollution jobs like air pollution from boilers, H2O pollution from wash and significantly increa se the degree of solid waste. The hotel industry is among the most energy-intensive sectors of the touristry industry. European hotels consume 39 TWh ( Terawatt hours ) of energy yearly, half of which is in signifier of electricity. Assuming, in a worst instance scenario, that all energy is generated utilizing coal, hotels located in Europe would be responsible for one-year emanations of about 13.6 megatons of C dioxide. So far, no aggregation informations for H2O usage in European hotels have been derived ; nevertheless, it is estimated that, depending on the hotel criterion, invitees by and large consume between 170 and 360 liters of H2O per dark. Since hotels are big users of consumer goods, waste coevals is likely the most seeable end merchandise of the hotel industry on the environment. By one estimation, a typical hotel green goodss in surplus of 1kg of waste per guest daily which consequences in dozenss of waste each month. The consciousness of harmful impacts of a hotel oper ation is turning and can be observed via developed states considerable attempt to voluntarily turn to the issue. Triggered by the planetary enterprise to turn to touristry s environmental and societal impacts, the Agenda 21 of the Earth Summit has encouraged hotel associations in developed states to do considerable attempts in driving hotels towards voluntary environmental direction. The UK based International Hotel and Restaurant Association ( IHRA ) for illustration, collaborates with the United Nation Commission on Sustainable Development ( UNCSD ) to advance sustainable development of the hotel sector through understandings and enterprises to implement Agenda 21 . This action program was adopted in the Rio s Earth Summit 1992 for sustainable development which has been regarded as a cardinal factor in driving the hotel industry and other concerns to acknowledge the importance of environmental direction. After the acme, the green motion has obtained more acknowledgment in hote ls worldwide through attempts made by assorted associations. Furthermore, the green run was reinforced by the International Hotels Environment Initiative ( IHEI ) and the Prince Of Wales Business Leaders Forum in 1993. A sum of 11 international hotel ironss agreed to work together and initiated the development of manuals and guidelines to progress fuller environmental public presentation in the hotel industry ( International Hotels Environment Initiative, 1993 ) . In the undermentioned old ages, another 16 hotel groups echoed this run and formed the Asia Pacific Hotels Environment Initiative ( Mackie, 1994 ) . In the same twelvemonth, the Hotel A ; Catering Institute Management Association joined the World Travel Tourism Council s environmental direction consciousness plan called Green Globe ( Anon, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the American association Green Hotels which is committed to advancing ecological consciousness in the cordial reception industry, green hotels can be defined as environmentally sustainable belongingss whose directors are eager to establish plans that save H2O, energy and cut down solid waste while salvaging money to assist in protecting our one and merely Earth . Assorted research workers have antecedently identified three cardinal runing countries in which hotels can better their environmental public presentation viz. energy, H2O and waste ( Mackie, 1994 ; Faulk, 2000 ; Webster, 2000 ) . Energy usage in hotels Stipanuk ( 2002 ) defined energy as electricity, fossil fuels, H2O and sewerage, certain vehicle fuel and in some cases purchased steam, hot H2O and chilled H2O . Energy costs normally count for 4 to 6 per centum of hotel s gross and the tendency has been upward driven over the past few old ages. The accrued cost of energy for the American cordial reception industry revolves about 3.7 billion US dollars. Stipanuk ( 2002 ) claimed that energy costs are one of the largest non-staff cost points on a hotel s net income and loss history . Energy-saving enterprises can be clustered in to three categorical orders, viz. short-run, mid-term and long-run ( Webster, 2000 ) . Short-run nest eggs ( payback clip below one twelvemonth ) can be achieved without huge capital investing. Those enterprises include exchanging off the visible radiations and warmers when non in usage or when floors are non occupied. This is particularly true for hotels which are located in tourer countries with high seasonality. Mackie ( 1994 ) emphasizes that those short-run energy salvaging enterprises can be achieved merely when staff are committed to execute in a sustainable manner and do non ask extended progress planning. In this state of affairs, payback is instantaneous. Mid-term energy-saving enterprises require a more sophisticated attack. In footings of operating engineering, Webster ( 2000 ) proposes a series of enterprises to derive mid-term energy nest eggs ( payback clip between one and five old ages ) , including replacing light adjustments, insulating the roof, puting shutting devices on doors, suiting all radiators with single thermoregulators and implementing an ongoing staff preparation program in energy direction. Of the above mentioned steps, illuming in a big hotel belongings can bring forth immense cost nest eggs. Lighting costs may account between 15 and 25 per centum of hotels electricity ingestion and between 25 and 30 per centum of the entire energy cost ( Green Hotelier, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Baker ( 2005 ) , the long-run nest eggs are identified as necessitating investing in engineering and hence with a longer payback clip. Webster ( 2000 ) proposes five enterprises in order to heighten energy efficiency: The installing of a computing machine controlled air conditioning system, The installing of dual glazing, The installing of an energy-efficient kitchen, The purchase of fuel-efficient infrigidation, The purchase of fuel-efficient conveyance. Depending on the geographical location of the hotel, warming, airing and air-conditioning ( HVAC ) can account for up to 50 per centum of a hotel s entire public-service corporation cost ( Baker, 2005 ) . While engineerings, such as the usage of convection ovens and initiation goblins are certainly a measure in the right way, Green Hotelier ( 2005 ) argues that an environmentally sustainable hotel policy every bit good as staff preparation on energy-saving behavior can lend immensely towards energy nest eggs. Water ingestion in the hotels Water is in fact a cardinal resource for the cordial reception industry due to its scarceness and its function in a figure of activities such as wash, nutrient production, bathrooms and outdoor installations ( Baker, 2005 ) . Webster ( 2000 ) argues that merely 5 per centum of a hotel s overall H2O is utilized for feeding and imbibing while the larger portion is used for cleansing ( including showering, bathing, wash and serve lavation ) . Stipanuk ( 2002 ) adds that ordinances sing H2O usage will fasten in the hereafter and hotelkeepers will hold no other options than to present H2O salvaging policies and engineerings to farther cut down ingestion. Guestrooms history for over 35 per centum of H2O use in big hotels. Webster ( 2000 ) argues that general estimations are that invitees use merely 10 per centum of the entire sleeping room H2O poured and that the remainder is used by the chamber amahs during cleaning . Similarly to the short-run energy decrease scheme, staff preparation i s critical when contemplating diminishing H2O use. As reported by Baker ( 2005 ) assorted simple engineerings are available to back up lower H2O use such as: Water flow accountants, Faucet aerators, Push-button activated showers in public countries. Effective direction can ensue from staff preparation and motive. Undertakings such as rinsing veggies should ever be done in bowls instead than under running H2O. Defrosting should be done overnight instead than straight with H2O. Finally, many hotels have introduced H2O preservation enterprises in the wash section, which has sparked contention. While hotel invitees have become progressively cognizant of environmental issues and are willing to collaborate, many five leading luxury hotels refuse to bespeak invitees to utilize the same towels and linen over several yearss saying that invitees are loath to use reuse programmes ( Green Hotelier, 2005 ) . Clear communicating is indispensable to avoid misconstruing between the intended environmental enterprise and guest comfort. Waste coevals in hotels Baker ( 2005 ) maintains that costs can be greatly reduced by waste decrease and replacing conventional waste disposal activities with other agencies taking for reuse, disassembly, recycling and composting . Proper waste direction is a cost-cutting step every bit good as an environmental impact cut downing step. Four classs of waste creative activity can be identified: As a consequence of site clearance, Throughout the operational life of a hotel, During renovation, At the terminal of the edifice s life or if there is a alteration in usage. However, the bulk of waste created is throughout the operational life of a hotel. As such, godforsaken direction systems should be implemented at a really early phase of hotel development. The four R systems of cut downing, recycling, recycling and retrieving have gained increasing attending over the past decennary ( Webster, 2000 ; Stipanuk, 2002 ; Green Hotelier, 2004 ) . Minimizing waste starts in the procurance section, guaranting that lone merchandises with a minimum packaging are acquired. Working with providers that have a proper environmental policy in topographic point is besides necessary. Arguably, the growing in monetary value of natural stuffs can instantly do a recycling and recycling programme more attractive ( Webster, 2000 ) . Cost of traveling green in the hotel industry With a wide point of position, there are two attacks in the environmental cost analysis. One emphasizes the costs associated with environmental harm and its redress, the other emphasiss on the monetary value of control. In pattern, this harm bing attack faces some indispensable jobs in gauging the environmental impact as described by Bernow et Al. ( 1991 ) . Hotel developers still face specific ( through much lower ) hurdlings in developing and runing green belongingss, such as happening sellers, contractors, applied scientists, housekeepers, landscape architects and directors that understand new systems, merchandises and processs. Complicating affairs for hotels is the sheathing of the typical hotel direction and franchise understandings. The extremely structured agreements negotiated between hotels proprietors and hotel directors have non yet addressed a figure of issues raised by green development, renovation or operation that affects the bottom line of both entities. Finally, of class, is the issue of run intoing the outlooks of paying invitees. Although we believe invitees expect hotels to run in an environmentally witting manner, it may besides be that those same invitees may hold unrealistic outlooks of luxury and comfort in footings of green operation. The costs originating from the execution of ISO 14001 include those associated with initial set up, care and betterment ( Chin et al. , 1998 ) . The monetary value of initial set up refers to all costs associated with the proviso of hardware and package installations, plus tools for set uping the system in conformity with the ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems ( EMS ) criterions. Specifically this class of cost involves the purchase of monitoring and measuring equipment, certification processing and storage equipment/accessories, engaging specialist environmental aid, initial staff preparation, computing machine package every bit good as staff enlisting. Added to the cost pool is the fu nding of care and betterments. This class of outgo refers to the costs of keeping and continually bettering the EMS in the company so that optimal environmental public presentation can be achieved with the altering environmental conditions and demands. It besides includes the monetary value associated with the on-going staff preparation, environment equipment replacing and upgrading, periodic environmental auditing and 3rd party enfranchisement and so forth. In add-on, EMS enfranchisement costs at least HK $ 100,000 ( about US $ 13,000 ) should besides be budgeted. The cost is paid to the certifying organic structure, which would analyze whether the hotel fulfilled all the necessary conditions of international EMS criterion ISO 14001. Barriers while being Green in Hotel industries The hotel industry faces assorted jobs while following new schemes such as presenting greener plans and puting more in environmentally merchandises. Nowadays many concerns are traveling towards green selling therefore, promoting clients to be greener. In a instance survey, Graci and Dodds ( 2008 ) stated that in order for a hotel industry to travel frontward in going more environmentally responsible, there are barriers to get the better of such as: deficiency of communicating, legislative issues, concern civilization, The demand for cohesive information. There is a demand for better communicating and the sharing of best patterns among different administrations in the industry. Legislation needs to hold a top down attack for environmental issues. In Canada, the legal power for environmental statute law is shared between the federal and provincial authoritiess but unluckily this creates confusion and convergence. The lone environmental patterns taking topographic point in Canada are really basic patterns such as sheet changing and towel reuse plans. Hotel operators need to switch their outlook and concern civilization to execute practical, easy and cost effectual patterns that can cut down environmental impacts and see an come-at-able return on investing ( Graci and Dodds, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to surveies made, we can clearly province that for a hotel to be green at that place need to be a rearrangement of the direction itself. For illustration, staff must be trained decently and they must understand what it means to be green and hotels must promote their clients to purchase such merchandises. Practices in the Hotel Industry to be Green Over several decennaries, environmentalism has been an of import issue because of the harm ensuing from the usage of assorted disposal merchandises, environmentally unfriendly production procedures and environmental catastrophes ( Earsterling, Kenworthy and Nemzoff, 1996 ) . While people recognize the personal incommodiousness of EFA ( e.g. , recycling activity or environmental buying ) persons who perceive the importance of EFA refering ecological issues are actively engaged in those types of behavior ( Kalafatis et al. , 1999 ; Laroche et al. , 2001 ; Shabecoff, 1993 ) . These green clients are willing to alter their purchasing behaviors in a more ecologically favorable manner ( e.g. turning away of disposal merchandises ) and act in an environmentally friendly manner in their mundane lives, therefore giving convenience and accepting lower degrees of public presentation in eco-friendly merchandises while paying excess for the merchandises ( Kalafatis et al. , 1999 ; Laroche et al. , 2001 ; Manaktola and Jauhari, 2007 ) . While c

Christmas Trends, Demographics, Spending and Waste

Christmas Trends, Demographics, Spending and Waste Christmas is one of the most widely celebrated holidays by people all over the world, but what are the particularities of it in the United States? Who is celebrating it? How are they doing it? How much are they spending? And how might social differences shape our experience of this holiday? Lets dive in. The Cross-Religion and Secular Popularity of Christmas According to Pew Research Centers December 2013 survey about Christmas, we know that the vast majority of people in the U.S. celebrate the holiday. The survey confirms what most of us know: Christmas is both a religious and a secular holiday. Unsurprisingly, about 96 percent of Christians celebrate  Christmas, as do a whopping 87 percent of people who are not religious. What may surprise you is that people of other faiths do too. According to Pew, 76 percent of Asian-American Buddhists, 73 percent of Hindus, and 32 percent of Jews celebrate Christmas. News reports indicate that some Muslims also celebrate the holiday. Interestingly, the Pew survey found that Christmas is more likely to be a religious holiday for older generations.  While just over a third  of people ages 18-29 celebrate Christmas religiously, 66 percent of those 65 and older do so. For many Millennials, Christmas is a cultural, rather than a religious, holiday. Popular Christmas Traditions and Trends According to the 2014 National Retail Federations (NRF) survey of planned activities for Christmas Day, the most common things we do are visit with family and friends, open gifts, cook a holiday meal, and sit on our bums and watch television. Pews 2013 survey shows that more than half of us will attend church on Christmas Eve or Day, and the organizations 2014 survey shows that eating holiday foods is the activity that we most look forward to, after visiting with family and friends. Leading up to the holiday, the Pew survey found that  the majority of American adults- 65 percent- will send holiday cards, though older adults are more likely than younger adults to do so, and 79 percent of us will put up a Christmas tree, which is slightly more common among higher income earners. Though hurtling through airports at top foot-speed is a popular trope of Christmas movies, in fact, just 5-6 percent of us travel long-distance by air for the holiday, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. While long-distance travel  increases by 23 percent at Christmas time, most of that travel is by car. Similarly, though images of carolers punctuate holiday films, just 16 percent of us join in the activity, according to Pews 2013 survey Studies also show that we are getting engaged, conceiving children, and deciding to get divorced more so on Christmas than during any other time of  the year. How Gender, Age, and Religion Shape Our Christmas Experiences Interestingly, a 2014 survey by Pew found that religious affiliation, gender,  marital status, and age have an impact on the extent to which people look forward to the  common ways of celebrating Christmas. Those who regularly attend religious services are more enthusiastic on average about Christmas activities than are those who attend less often, or not at all. The only activity that escapes this rule? Americans universally look forward to eating holiday foods. In terms of gender, the survey found that, with the exception of visiting with family and friends, women look forward to the holiday traditions and activities more than men. While the Pew survey did not establish a reason for why this is the case, existing social science suggests that it could be because women spend more time than men do shopping and visiting with or taking care of family members in the context of their everyday lives. Its possible that mundane and taxing chores are more appealing to women when they are surrounded by the Christmas glow. Men, however, find themselves in the position of having to do things that they are not normally expected to do, and so they dont look forward to these events as much as women do. Echoing the fact that Christmas is less of a religious holiday for Millennials than it is for older generations, the 2014 Pew survey results indicate an overall generational shift in how we celebrate the holiday. Americans over the age of 65 are more likely than others to look forward to hearing Christmas music and attending religious services, while those in the younger generations are more likely to look forward to eating holiday foods, exchanging gifts, and decorating their homes. And while the majority of all generations do these things, Millennials are the most likely to buy gifts for others, and the least likely to send Christmas cards (though still a majority do it). ChristmasSpending: Big Picture, Averages, and Trends More than  $665  billion is the amount the NRF forecasts  Americans will spend during November and December 2016- an increase of 3.6 percent over the previous year. So, where will all that money go? Most of it, on average $589, will go  to gifts, out of a total $796 that the average person will spend. The rest will be spent on  holiday items including candy and food (about $100), decorations (about $50), greeting cards and postage, and flowers and potted plants. As part of that decorative budget, we can expect Americans to collectively  spend more than $2.2 billion on about 40 million Christmas trees in 2016 (67 percent real, 33 percent fake), according to  data from the National Christmas Tree Association. In terms of gift-giving plans, the NRF survey shows American adults intend to buy and give the following: Clothing or accessories (61%)Gift cards or certificates (56%)Media items (books, music, videos, games, etc.) (44%)Toys (42%)Food or candy (31%)Consumer electronics (30%)Personal care or beauty items (25%)Jewelry (21%)Home decor or furnishings (20%)Cash (20%)Sporting goods or leisure items (17%) The plans adults have for gifts for children reveal the stronghold that gender stereotypes still have in American culture. The top five toys that people plan to buy for boys include Lego sets, cars and trucks, video games, Hot Wheels, and Star Wars items. For girls, they plan to buy Barbie items, dolls, Shopkins, Hatchimals, and Lego sets. Given that the average person intends to spend nearly $600 on gifts, its not surprising that nearly half of all American adults feel that exchanging gifts leaves them stretched thin financially (according to Pews 2014 survey). More than a third of us feel stressed out by our countrys gift-giving culture, and nearly a quarter of us believe that it is wasteful. The Environmental Impact Have you ever thought about the environmental impact of all this Christmas cheer? The Environmental Protection Agency reports that household waste increases by more than 25 percent between Thanksgiving and New Years Day, which results in an additional 1 million tons per week going to landfills. Gift wrapping and shopping bags amount  to a whopping  4 million tons  of Christmas-related trash. Then theres all the cards, ribbons, product packaging, and trees too. Though we think of it as a time of togetherness, Christmas is also a time of massive waste. When one considers this and the financial and emotional stress of consumerist gift-giving, perhaps a change of tradition is in order?

Ancient Eqyptian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient Eqyptian - Essay Example The main role of the Pharaoh was to mediate between the gods and his people. The Pharaoh had a responsibility of sustaining the gods through the offerings and rituals, which were meant to ensure that the gods maintain order (Kaplan 12). Ancient religion in Egypt was a state affair, and the state dedicated enormous amounts of resources in order to ensure the rituals were conducted. Additionally, the state provided resources for the constructions of temples. Egyptian religion was characterized by many gods and goddesses. The goddesses were worshipped in different times and locations, and for different purposes. In Egypt, people interacted with the goddesses and gods for different purposes. In most of the cases, people sought to appeal to the gods and goddesses for help through prayers. They were also compelled to act through magic. Though these practices were distinct from the formal rituals, beliefs and institutions, they were closely linked. Popular religious practices and traditions grew prominent during the history of Egypt (Pinch 22). In addition to the beliefs and practices, Egyptians believed in funeral practices and an afterlife. Egyptians made efforts to acquire tombs, offerings and grave goods in order to ensure their souls survived. The offerings were meant to preserve the spirits and bodies of the dead. Egyptian religion, which had its roots in pre-historic Egypt, lasted for over 3,000 years. Over time, certain gods and goddesses became preeminent and popular. Changes in the ancient religion were prompted by the fact that details of the religious views changed, and the importance of the gods and goddesses declined or rose. During these changes, the intricate relationships between the gods and goddesses and humans also shifted. The rituals and beliefs, which are described as Ancient Egyptian Religion, were essential aspects of the Egyptian culture (Wilkinson 31). The religion was

Marketing Audits Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Audits - Coursework Example Changing perspectives in marketing planning for Parcelforce The age of globalisation and competition has spurred up the need to ensure more planning and effective strategies in order to counter the threats of competition prevailing in the markets. Business environment in the present date is characterised by cut throat competition among the market players that are engaged in attaching strategies like predatory pricing and ambush marketing to attack competitors. The industry due to high competition is characterised by low margins that has severely changed the business dynamics and has also ensured change in marketing planning tactics so as to ensure sustainability in the market (Global Express Parcels, 2011, p.1). Parcelforce Appraisal for capability for planning its future marketing activity Parcelforce is one of the largest courier and parcel delivery companies operating out of UK and has operations in numerous nations with a cutting edge technology and an effective service delivery mechanism. The company should use its technological advancements and the good brand image of the company owning to its long association with the industry to derive competitive advantage. The company should try to use its massive global presence and couple it with innovation in service delivery mechanism so as to generate competitive advantage.... The company should use its technological advancements and the good brand image of the company owning to its long association with the industry to derive competitive advantage. The company should try to use its massive global presence and couple it with innovation in service delivery mechanism so as to generate competitive advantage. All its marketing efforts must not only be solely directed towards attracting new customers but focus should be made on CRM approaches that can help in not only attracting new customers but also in retention of the existing customers. The efficient technological base of the company along with a team of qualified and talented employees can help generate greater value for the customers. Spending must also be induced in the research and development aspect so as to generate innovation as it is the only way in which the company can distinguish itself from its competitors in the market and generate competitive advantage. SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats and is used to analyse the internal environment of an organization. The SWOT analysis for Parcelforce is stated below: Strengths The main area of strength for the company includes its long association with the industry as well as a formidable presence across UK. The company also has an effective brand image and has been associated with the royal mail service. Strengths also emerge in the areas of efficient use of technology and effective logistics management and also a good reputation for quality service delivery among the customers (Parcelforce, 2012). Weakness Certain areas of weakness for the company include a limited offering to the customers that is matched